What occurs in the action phase of feedforward control?

• A. Postural muscles activate to anticipate the upcoming movement
• B. The body experiences corrective postural adjustments after the perturbation
• C. Stabilization occurs without any voluntary action
• D. Voluntary movement occurs

Answer: (D)

In feedforward control, the brain generates motor commands in advance to start the movement before sensory feedback can guide corrections. The action phase is the actual execution of that planned, voluntary movement as the muscles are activated to perform the action. Anticipatory postural adjustments can occur to stabilize the body before or during the movement, but they are preparatory aspects of planning rather than the movement itself. Corrections after a perturbation rely on sensory feedback and occur after the disturbance, not during the initiation of the action. Stabilization without voluntary action is passive and not the initiated movement.