Which sequence correctly describes the three phases of feedforward control?

• A. Preparatory phase, Compensatory phase, Action
• B. Action, Preparatory phase, Compensatory phase
• C. Preparatory phase, Compensatory phase, Action
• D. Preparatory phase, Action, Compensatory phase

Answer: (D)

In feedforward control, movement is guided by anticipation, so the sequence starts with setting up the body, then carrying out the movement, and finally applying anticipatory adjustments to keep the action on track. The Preparatory phase activates the appropriate muscles and postural adjustments before movement begins, preparing stability and alignment. The Action phase is the actual execution of the movement, using the planned motor commands. The Compensatory phase follows to adjust for predicted disturbances during the movement, based on internal models, so errors are minimized before sensory feedback can correct them. This order—prepare, move, compensate—is why the stated sequence is the best fit.